Your english writing should make an impact. To do this, you must get your message across clearly and concisely. Your opening and closing paragraphs are the most important – make sure you use them well.
The Opening
Make your first paragraph do something; it is both a headline and lead for your message. Plunge straight into your reason for writing. Don’t begin with something your readers already know or by stating the obvious.
After the first couple of paragraphs, your readers’ attention may fall off if you haven’t already made your main points. Newspaper reporters call the first paragraph “the lead”, and they always try to make it effective and interesting. You can learn to do the same.
Don’t waste words in your opening. If you are writing to ask for information, ask for it in the first sentence. If you want people to do something, say so in your first paragraph. If you are writing a report, give the readers the most relevant information – often the conclusions to the report – in the first paragraph. Business writing often fails because of poor openings such as:
In reference to your recent report…
Please be advised that at the last planning committee meeting…
Learn to write a key first paragraph by giving the information most relevant to the reader without delay. Ask yourself this question: What do my readers need to know?
For example, if a 50-year-old woman wants to know if she is entitled to a widow’s pension, don’t spend the opening paragraph quoting the regulation that applies. Answer the key question in the first sentence and then go on to explain the reason.
We’re sorry but you cannot receive a widow’s pension until you are 60 years old.
In a report you need to give the essential information in the first paragraph. This often means summarising the whole report in a couple of sentences. To do this, imagine that your readers only have time to read your first paragraph and so place all the information they need to understand the report in that paragraph. For example:
Over the last 12 months, our sales of breakfast cereals through supermarket chains have grown by 12 per cent. However, between December and February our sales are 15 per cent below the average of all the other months in the year. Our advertising agency has provided figures showing how we could spend $1.2 million next winter to turn around this poor performance. Their solution is simplicity itself – advertise cereals with hot milk.
The Close
The closing couple of paragraphs are your last chance to influence your readers. If written well, the closing paragraph is the one your readers will remember.
In a report, a good summary paragraph at the end should bring all your arguments and evidence together and sway the readers to your point of view. In a memo, the last paragraph might tell the readers what you want them to do or might include recommendations.
In a letter, make your closing sentences polite and to the point. If you want your readers to take some action, show clearly what you want them to do.
Don’t end weakly or apologetically or let your writing fizzle out. A strong closing is as important as a good opening and well-developed points throughout your writing.
Use Direct Quotations
Use this journalistic technique of selecting suitable quotations. This is particularly useful in giving reports the human touch.
Use Direct Questions
Direct questions are an effective way of breaking up the text and keeping the reader’s attention. Try this tip in your letters and reports. Look for the word “whether”, and try to recast the sentence into a question. For example:
It remains to be seen whether the company can profit from investing in precious metals.
Redraft:
Can the company profit by investing in precious metals?
Use Examples, Statistics, Facts and Asides
You can make your writing come alive by giving plenty of examples to explain the point you are making. Often it is the well-chosen fact or statistic, the interesting anecdote or aside that your reader will remember and act upon.